usadené horniny
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usadené horniny
alebo sedimentárne horniny vznikajú usadením a spevnením úlomkov zvetraných hornín alebo organických zvyškov, príp. chemickými procesmi (odparením, vyzrážaním z vodných roztokov) na zemskom povrchu alebo v sedimentačných panvách (čiže väčšinou vo vodnom prostredí). Typickým znakom väčšiny usadených hornín je vrstvovitosť. Sedimenty sa najčastejšie delia na základe spôsobu vzniku:
– úlomkové (klastické) sedimenty – ílovce, prachovce, pieskovce a zlepence,
– chemické sedimenty, ktoré vznikli vyzrážavaním a vyparovaním z vody – evapority, rohovce,
– biochemické a organogénne sedimenty vznikajú z odumretých schránok živočíchov, prevažne vo vodnom prostredí – vápence a rádiolarity.
Kategória: Základné pojmy
Tag: hornina, mm3, mtm
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